{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T022859475468-8c8796",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "sevastopol-sea-drone-attack-2022-10-29",
  "title": "Sea-drone attack reported at Sevastopol; minesweeper damage claimed",
  "place": "Sevastopol",
  "country": "Ukraine",
  "countryCode": "UA",
  "date": "2022-10-29",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "suspected",
  "lat": 44.6,
  "lon": 33.5,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "A combined aerial and maritime drone attack was reported at Sevastopol on 29 October 2022. Russia acknowledged minesweeper damage; TWZ’s later analysis describes a coordinated drone-boat assault while leaving its success uncertain.",
  "impact": "Russia’s Defense Ministry reported damage to the minesweeper Ivan Golubets and a harbor barrier. No additional ship loss is independently established here.",
  "evidence": "Ukrainska Pravda explicitly relays Russia’s Defense Ministry. TWZ adds its own analysis of the drone-boat assault. A different newsroom is not independent confirmation of the Russian damage claim; footage and operational success are not authenticated here.",
  "unknown": "Drone counts, model identity and the full damage extent are not established here. No additional ship loss, sinking or precise ship position is adopted. The marker represents the city, not naval units.",
  "attribution": "Russia blamed Ukrainian forces. TWZ describes a Ukrainian operation; independent operator verification is not supplied here.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Ukrainska Pravda: Russian Defense Ministry allegation and damage report",
    "url": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/29/7374072/",
    "published": "2022-10-29",
    "family": "ukrainska-pravda"
   },
   {
    "label": "TWZ: own analysis of the drone-boat assault and uncertain success",
    "url": "https://www.twz.com/ukraines-unprecedented-mass-drone-boat-attack-was-a-wakeup-call",
    "published": "2022-11-01",
    "family": "the-war-zone"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2022-10-29",
    "text": "Drone attack and minesweeper damage reported in Sevastopol.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "droneTypes": [
   {
    "asReported": "unmanned surface vessels",
    "type": null,
    "count": null,
    "countMetric": null,
    "sourceIndex": 1
   }
  ],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "russian-damage",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "The Russian account reports minesweeper damage.",
    "quote": "The Ivan Golubets, a minesweeper, was damaged",
    "claimant": "Russian Defense Ministry via Ukrainska Pravda",
    "originId": "russian-mod-sevastopol-20221029",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source-attributed account; no independent video authentication by Codex.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "usv-footage",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "TWZ describes a multi-USV assault at Sevastopol.",
    "quote": "multi-unmanned surface vessel assault",
    "claimant": "TWZ analysis",
    "originId": "twz-sevastopol-analysis-20221101",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Own published analysis, not independent authentication by Codex.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "key": "sevastopol-naval-base",
   "kind": "infrastructure",
   "label": "Sevastopol naval base",
   "sourceIndex": 1
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
   "entityKey": "sevastopol-naval-base",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Suspected"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/sevastopol-sea-drone-attack-2022-10-29/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Sea-drone attack reported at Sevastopol; minesweeper damage claimed”, dossier sevastopol-sea-drone-attack-2022-10-29, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/sevastopol-sea-drone-attack-2022-10-29/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T00:44:10.691+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ],
  "costIllustrations": {
   "note": "Illustrative multiplication per claim: reported count x published third-party unit-cost estimate. Not an estimate of attack cost, materiel lost or damage. Rows are never summed: they may describe the same drones (launched/intercepted/impacted) or come from different claimants. 'Intercepted' does not necessarily mean destroyed. The linkage and arithmetic are DroneLedger's; unit-cost figures carry wide uncertainty.",
   "rows": [
    {
     "asReported": "unmanned surface vessels",
     "type": null,
     "count": null,
     "countMetric": null,
     "sourceIndex": 1,
     "unitCostUsd": null,
     "illustrativeProductUsd": null,
     "notComputedBecause": [
      "type not in catalogue",
      "no reported count"
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 }
}