{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T03:25:29+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T032530216196-e73eb4",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "romania-possible-drone-fragments-found-2023-09-05",
  "title": "Romania reports possible drone fragments found in Tulcea County",
  "place": "Tulcea County",
  "country": "Romania",
  "countryCode": "RO",
  "date": "2023-09-05",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "none",
  "lat": 45.0,
  "lon": 28.8,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "Romanian investigators found possible drone fragments in Tulcea County on the evening of 5 September 2023. The Defence Ministry announced the discovery the following day.",
  "impact": "Specialists collected samples for technical analysis. No damage or injury assessment is established here.",
  "evidence": "The ministry dates the discovery and describes possible fragments pending analysis. Euronews with AP relays the minister’s conditional account. These are separate publishing sources sharing the official account, not independent technical confirmation of a drone or its origin.",
  "unknown": "The discovery date is not a known crash or launch date. The original aircraft, model and operator were not established by this announcement. Later September finds are separate. The marker represents the county, not a fragment position.",
  "attribution": "No operator is assigned to the fragments in this record. Nearby Russian attacks do not by themselves establish the origin of the recovered material.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Romanian Defence Ministry: discovery announcement dated 6 September",
    "url": "https://english.mapn.ro/cpresa/6041_press-information",
    "published": "2023-09-06",
    "family": "romanian-defence-ministry"
   },
   {
    "label": "Euronews with AP: investigation of possible drone debris",
    "url": "https://www.euronews.com/2023/09/07/romania-launches-investigation-over-possible-russian-drone-debris",
    "published": "2023-09-07",
    "family": "associated-press"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2023-09-05",
    "text": "Investigators find possible drone fragments in Tulcea County.",
    "source": 0
   },
   {
    "date": "2023-09-06",
    "text": "Defence Ministry announces the discovery and pending technical analysis.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "possible-drone-fragments",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "The minister described possible drone pieces.",
    "quote": "fragments of a piece of equipment which appears to be a drone",
    "claimant": "Romanian defence minister via Euronews/AP",
    "originId": "romanian-mod-find-announcement-20230906",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Conditional identification retained.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "samples-collected",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "The ministry reports samples collected for analysis.",
    "quote": "collected samples that will undergo technical expertise",
    "claimant": "Romanian Defence Ministry",
    "originId": "romanian-mod-find-announcement-20230906",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Evidence collection, not proof of damage or final origin determination.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": null,
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": null,
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Not established"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/romania-possible-drone-fragments-found-2023-09-05/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Romania reports possible drone fragments found in Tulcea County”, dossier romania-possible-drone-fragments-found-2023-09-05, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/romania-possible-drone-fragments-found-2023-09-05/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T02:00:42.349+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}