{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-28T17:47:01+00:00",
 "release": "20261028T174702842471-ebb0f1",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia”, dossier auto-ru-2026-10-28-ffa9182c32, revision 5, updated 2026-10-28. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ru-2026-10-28-ffa9182c32/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "pumba-drones-red-sea-2024-07-20",
  "title": "Pumba: Pumba reported aerial and surface drone attacks on 20 July 2024.",
  "place": "Red Sea, off Al Mukha",
  "country": "Yemen",
  "countryCode": "YE",
  "date": "2024-07-20",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "maritime",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "suspected",
  "lat": null,
  "lon": null,
  "locationPrecision": "unknown",
  "summary": "Pumba reported aerial and surface drone attacks on 20 July 2024.",
  "impact": "The master reported minor damage after a nearby aerial-drone explosion. A subsequent surface drone exploded nearby; the vessel continued.",
  "evidence": "Insurance Marine News relays the master’s UKMTO report. Washington Institute separately discusses onboard security footage and the vessel’s continued trading. Yemen is the regional country association; no vessel or attack position is recorded.",
  "unknown": "The contribution of each weapon to the damage and precise injury outcome are not established in this source pair.",
  "attribution": "Reporting attributes the assault to the Houthis; no direct responsibility statement is included in this dossier.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Insurance Marine News: Pumba, master report via UKMTO",
    "url": "https://insurancemarinenews.com/insurance-marine-news/two-more-containerships-attacked-and-damaged-by-houthis/",
    "published": "2024-07-22",
    "family": "ukmto",
    "publisher": "Insurance Marine News",
    "language": "en"
   },
   {
    "label": "Washington Institute: Pumba video and maritime research",
    "url": "https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/ship-operators-shrugging-houthi-attacks",
    "published": "2024-10-16",
    "family": "washington-institute",
    "publisher": "Washington Institute",
    "language": "en"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2024-07-20",
    "text": "Pumba reported aerial and surface drone attacks on 20 July 2024.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   0
  ],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "claim-1",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "The master reported an aerial drone attack.",
    "quote": "The captain reported two attacks – the first by a UAV (aerial drone).",
    "claimant": "Pumba master via UKMTO",
    "originId": "ukmto-pumba-20240720",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source read in full; this claim retains its original source family. No independent technical verification implied.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "claim-2",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "The first explosion caused minor damage.",
    "quote": "That exploded near the vessel and caused minor damage.",
    "claimant": "Pumba master via UKMTO",
    "originId": "ukmto-pumba-20240720",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source read in full; this claim retains its original source family. No independent technical verification implied.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "claim-3",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Independent analysis describes the destruction of the surface drone.",
    "quote": "Security personnel on board were able to destroy the sea drone",
    "claimant": "Washington Institute / Noam Raydan",
    "originId": "raydan-pumba-analysis-20241016",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source read in full; this claim retains its original source family. No independent technical verification implied.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "claim-4",
    "axis": "context",
    "statement": "The analysis identifies the vessel and flag.",
    "quote": "The Liberia-flagged Pumba is managed by SeaLead Shipping",
    "claimant": "Washington Institute / Noam Raydan",
    "originId": "raydan-pumba-analysis-20241016",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source read in full; this claim retains its original source family. No independent technical verification implied.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "claim-5",
    "axis": "context",
    "statement": "The analysis identifies Pumba as a container ship.",
    "quote": "container ship Pumba",
    "claimant": "Washington Institute / Noam Raydan",
    "originId": "raydan-pumba-analysis-20241016",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Literal historical source detail; uncertainties elsewhere in the dossier remain.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-28",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-28",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-28",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": null,
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": null,
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": {
   "lat": 15.33,
   "lon": 45.87,
   "level": "country",
   "name": "Yemen"
  },
  "labels": {
   "category": "Maritime attack",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Suspected"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/pumba-drones-red-sea-2024-07-20/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Pumba: Pumba reported aerial and surface drone attacks on 20 July 2024.”, dossier pumba-drones-red-sea-2024-07-20, revision 1, updated 2026-10-28. https://droneincidents.com/incident/pumba-drones-red-sea-2024-07-20/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-28",
    "at": "2026-10-28T15:57:05.924+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}