{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-11-09T00:58:52+00:00",
 "release": "20261109T005856085332-178791",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. operationalEffects may also contain AI-assisted source-checked additions identified by autoEnrichments, with the dossier remaining review=auto. autoEnrichments preserves the literal quote, speaker, source publication cutoff and check provenance; a quote match is not editorial review or independent confirmation. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "relation": "series",
  "manifest": "https://droneincidents.com/data/doi-snapshots.json",
  "note": "Concept DOI identifies the archive series, not this live release or any particular dossier revision. Exact version membership is published in the DOI binding manifest."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-11-08-8759f317de, revision 2, updated 2026-11-08. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-11-08-8759f317de/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "munich-2025-10-02",
  "title": "Drone reports interrupt Munich flight operations",
  "place": "Munich Airport",
  "country": "Germany",
  "countryCode": "DE",
  "date": "2025-10-02",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "airport",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "confirmed",
  "attributionStatus": "none",
  "lat": 48.354,
  "lon": 11.786,
  "locationPrecision": "point",
  "summary": "Police reported sightings around Munich Airport and a precautionary suspension of flight operations.",
  "impact": "The police release records 17 cancellations and 15 diversions reported by the airport operator.",
  "evidence": "An official police release confirms disruption and reports sightings; it does not present technical identification of the aircraft.",
  "unknown": "Operator and intent are not established in the cited release.",
  "attribution": "Not established in the cited sources.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Bavarian Police · joint release",
    "url": "https://www.polizei.bayern.de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/091806/index.html",
    "published": "2025-10-03",
    "family": "bavarian-police"
   },
   {
    "label": "DW News — official YouTube report",
    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t63UWZnFUJA",
    "published": "2025-10-03",
    "family": "dw",
    "publishedAt": "2025-10-03T01:59:40-07:00"
   },
   {
    "label": "Bavarian interior ministry: parliamentary answer 19/8438, p.14",
    "url": "https://www.bayern.landtag.de/www/ElanTextAblage_WP19/Drucksachen/Basisdrucksachen/0000006500/0000006969.pdf",
    "published": "2025-10-06",
    "family": "bavarian-interior-ministry"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2025-10-02",
    "text": "Reports began in areas surrounding the airport. Flight operations were subsequently suspended.",
    "source": 0
   },
   {
    "date": "2025-10-03",
    "text": "Police published the incident chronology and reported flight impacts.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "drone-police",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Federal and Bavarian police reported several drone sightings around and on the grounds of Munich Airport on 2 October.",
    "quote": "kam es im Umfeld und auf dem Gelände des Münchner Flughafens zu mehreren Drohnensichtungen",
    "claimant": "Bundespolizei Flughafen München and Polizeipräsidium Oberbayern Nord (joint statement)",
    "originId": "police-munich-2025-10-03",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Primary official source; sightings were reported, no drone was recovered.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-12",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "operations",
    "axis": "operations",
    "statement": "Flight operations were suspended from 22:18, with both runways closed from 22:35.",
    "quote": "Daraufhin wurde der Flugbetrieb um 22:18 Uhr aus Sicherheitsgründen sukzessive eingestellt",
    "claimant": "Bundespolizei Flughafen München and Polizeipräsidium Oberbayern Nord (joint statement)",
    "originId": "police-munich-2025-10-03",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Operational impact stated by the police.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-12",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "impact-flights",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "The airport operator reported 17 cancelled flights and 15 diversions.",
    "quote": "Nach Angaben des Flughafenbetreibers kam es bis dahin zu 17 Flugausfällen und 15 Umleitungen",
    "claimant": "Munich Airport (operator)",
    "originId": "munich-airport-2025-10-03",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Figures from the airport operator, relayed in the police statement.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-12",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "attribution-none",
    "axis": "attribution",
    "statement": "Police had not identified anyone responsible.",
    "quote": "Ein Verursacher konnte bislang allerdings nicht identifiziert werden",
    "claimant": "Bundespolizei Flughafen München and Polizeipräsidium Oberbayern Nord (joint statement)",
    "originId": "police-munich-2025-10-03",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Supports 'attribution: none'.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-12",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "revision": 5,
  "citationMetadata": {
   "maker": "DroneLedger editorial team",
   "title": "Drone reports interrupt Munich flight operations",
   "id": "munich-2025-10-02",
   "kind": "incident",
   "version": 5,
   "language": "en",
   "release": "20261102T055221362217-c8d330",
   "date": "2026-10-16",
   "accessed": "2026-11-09",
   "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/munich-2025-10-02/v5/",
   "fileUrl": "https://droneincidents.com/data/citations/incident/munich-2025-10-02/r5/1f2d7ffdc88fe1356df2bd06d9873c423c6bbe036029693280e8f2ad988d9c1a/data.json",
   "sha256": "1f2d7ffdc88fe1356df2bd06d9873c423c6bbe036029693280e8f2ad988d9c1a",
   "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23877662",
   "doiStatus": "archived",
   "manifestUrl": "/data/doi-snapshots.json",
   "archiveFileSha256": "86b5d3da50d3745ffff8bad9bb4fd3cb69f27f6594421588b0254ec13f4622be"
  },
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "countermeasures": [
    {
     "actor": "Bayerische Polizei",
     "generalOnly": true,
     "id": "munich-general-response",
     "incidentUse": "not_established",
     "kind": "detection",
     "quote": "Bei den kürzlichen Drohnensichtungen am Flughafen München wurde eines der hier beschafften Detektionsgeräte eingesetzt.",
     "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-16",
     "since": null,
     "sourceIndex": 2,
     "sourceUrl": "https://www.bayern.landtag.de/www/ElanTextAblage_WP19/Drucksachen/Basisdrucksachen/0000006500/0000006969.pdf",
     "statement": {
      "ar": "أفادت وزارة داخلية بافاريا باستخدام معدات كشف خلال المشاهدات الأخيرة في ميونيخ، دون تحديد الليلة المعنية.",
      "en": "Bavaria's interior ministry reported detection-equipment use during recent Munich sightings; it did not identify the specific night.",
      "fa": "وزارت کشور بایرن از استفاده از تجهیزات شناسایی در مشاهدات اخیر مونیخ خبر داد، بدون تعیین شب مشخص.",
      "ru": "МВД Баварии сообщило о применении средств обнаружения при недавних наблюдениях в Мюнхене, не назвав конкретной ночи.",
      "uk": "МВС Баварії повідомило про застосування засобів виявлення під час недавніх спостережень у Мюнхені, не назвавши конкретної ночі."
     }
    }
   ],
   "key": "munich-airport",
   "kind": "airport",
   "label": "Munich Airport",
   "sourceIndex": 0
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [
   {
    "channelOwnershipReviewed": true,
    "channelUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/@dwnews",
    "credit": "DW News / YouTube. Embedded player only; no video or thumbnail copied.",
    "description": "DW report on the Munich airport disruption of 2–3 October 2025.",
    "embedAllowed": true,
    "embeddingCheckedAt": "2026-10-16",
    "id": "official-publisher-video",
    "kind": "youtube",
    "limitations": "Historical publisher reporting, not independent drone identification, operator attribution or proof that every reported light was a drone. Title/description, verified uploader and embed metadata checked; full playback not reviewed. Click connects to Google/YouTube.",
    "ongoing": false,
    "pageUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t63UWZnFUJA",
    "privacyReviewed": true,
    "published": "2025-10-03",
    "publisher": "DW News",
    "releaseAfter": "2025-10-06T00:00:00Z",
    "reviewedAt": "2026-10-16",
    "rightsLabel": "Publisher-enabled YouTube embed; copyright retained",
    "rightsReviewed": true,
    "rightsUrl": "https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/171780?hl=en",
    "safetyReviewed": true,
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "sourceMatchReviewed": true,
    "title": "DW News — historical incident report",
    "youtubeId": "t63UWZnFUJA"
   }
  ],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-11-09T00:58:52+00:00",
   "entityKey": "munich-airport",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "autoEnrichments": [],
  "eventFacts": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Airport disruption",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Confirmed",
   "attributionStatus": "Not established"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/munich-2025-10-02/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Drone reports interrupt Munich flight operations”, dossier munich-2025-10-02, revision 5, updated 2026-10-16. https://droneincidents.com/incident/munich-2025-10-02/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 5,
    "date": "2026-10-16",
    "at": "2026-10-16T21:03:04.635+00:00",
    "note": "Added a sourced general counter-drone measure at this location."
   },
   {
    "revision": 4,
    "date": "2026-10-16",
    "at": "2026-10-16T13:12:03.497+00:00",
    "note": "Added a historical report from the verified publisher channel; playback is optional and evidence assessments are unchanged."
   },
   {
    "revision": 3,
    "date": "2026-10-15",
    "at": "2026-10-15T20:26:18.490+00:00",
    "note": "Linked the dossier to its facility page (location named in the cited source)."
   },
   {
    "revision": 2,
    "date": "2026-10-12",
    "at": "2026-10-12T18:27:30.973+00:00",
    "note": "Added claim-level evidence: each key claim with its source passage, original source and assessment; passages checked word for word against the sources."
   },
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-12",
    "at": "2026-10-12T13:27:20.382+00:00",
    "note": "Initial dossier imported after source review."
   }
  ]
 }
}