{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T022859475468-8c8796",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "moscow-city-drone-incident-2023-07-30",
  "title": "Drone incident reported at Moscow City office towers on 30 July",
  "place": "Moscow",
  "country": "Russia",
  "countryCode": "RU",
  "date": "2023-07-30",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "suspected",
  "lat": 55.8,
  "lon": 37.6,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "Drone-related damage was reported at Moscow City office towers on 30 July 2023. This is separate from the repeat incident on 1 August.",
  "impact": "AFP described broken windows in its photographs. The mayor reported minor facade damage; Meduza also relayed a TASS report of one injured guard, conflicting with the no-casualty account.",
  "evidence": "AFP reporting and Meduza share Russian official drone allegations. Meduza relays TASS on injury; this is not independent medical confirmation. AFP photographs support visible damage, not operator identity.",
  "unknown": "No drone model, exact count or authenticated footage is supplied. The marker represents Moscow, not an exact building position.",
  "attribution": "Russian officials blamed Ukraine; operator responsibility is not independently established here.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "AFP via Moscow Times: official claims and visible damage",
    "url": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/07/30/russia-says-thwarted-ukrainian-drone-attacks-on-moscow-crimea-a82002",
    "published": "2023-07-30",
    "family": "afp"
   },
   {
    "label": "Meduza: July 30 incident and conflicting injury reports",
    "url": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/07/30/new-drone-attack-on-moscow-damages-moscow-city-towers-injures-one",
    "published": "2023-07-30",
    "family": "meduza"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2023-07-30",
    "text": "Drone incident and office-tower damage reported at Moscow City.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "afp-visible-damage",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "Published account of building damage.",
    "quote": "Several windows had been blown out",
    "claimant": "AFP photo description",
    "originId": "afp-photos-moscowcity-20230730",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Published source account; no independent video authentication by Codex.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "mayor-drone-report",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Published account of the drone incident.",
    "quote": "drones attacked the city on the night of July 30",
    "claimant": "Moscow mayor via Meduza",
    "originId": "moscow-mayor-20230730",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Published source account; no independent video authentication by Codex.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "key": "moscow-city-business-district",
   "kind": "infrastructure",
   "label": "Moscow City business district",
   "sourceIndex": 0
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
   "entityKey": "moscow-city-business-district",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Suspected"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/moscow-city-drone-incident-2023-07-30/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Drone incident reported at Moscow City office towers on 30 July”, dossier moscow-city-drone-incident-2023-07-30, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/moscow-city-drone-incident-2023-07-30/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T00:58:50.943+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}