{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T04:47:01+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T044701790291-4efa16",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "line-fire-drone-interference-report-2024-09-20",
  "title": "Officials report drones interrupting Line Fire aerial firefighting",
  "place": "San Bernardino County",
  "country": "United States",
  "countryCode": "US",
  "date": "2024-09-20",
  "dateKind": "statement",
  "scope": "wave",
  "category": "public-safety",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "none",
  "lat": 34.2,
  "lon": -117.1,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "A20September2024 report relayed officials’ accounts of drones repeatedly interrupting aerial firefighting at the Line Fire in San Bernardino County.",
  "impact": "Firefighting aircraft were reportedly grounded on multiple occasions. Exact dates, cumulative interruption time and number of affected aircraft are not established here.",
  "evidence": "Firehouse relays CAL FIRE and other officials interviewed by KCAL. KESQ’s separately maintained live coverage reports multiple incursions, including a later22September update. These accounts support reported interference, not independent technical identification of each drone.",
  "unknown": "20September is the statement/publication date, not the date of a single drone flight. This is not the wildfire ignition date. A general per-sighting interruption estimate is not a measured total. No injury, property loss or extra burned area is attributed to drones. The county marker is not a drone or aircraft position.",
  "attribution": "No operator or organisation identified for these reported incursions. No claim that drones ignited the fire.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Firehouse: CAL FIRE/KCAL accounts of grounded aircraft",
    "url": "https://www.firehouse.com/safety-health/video/55141298/stop-flying-drones-over-wildfires-cal-fire-officers-say",
    "published": "2024-09-20",
    "family": "firehouse-endeavor"
   },
   {
    "label": "KESQ: Line Fire rolling coverage, later drone update",
    "url": "https://kesq.com/news/2024/09/05/live-updates-line-fire-burns-more-than-39232-acres-51-contained-evacuation-warning-lifted/",
    "published": "2024-09-05",
    "family": "kesq-news-press-gazette"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2024-09-20",
    "text": "Firehouse publishes officials’ accounts of repeated drone interference.",
    "source": 0
   },
   {
    "date": "2024-09-22",
    "text": "KESQ rolling update reports multiple drone incursions.",
    "source": 1
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "aircraft-grounded",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "Officials report repeated interruption of aerial response.",
    "quote": "ground firefighting aircraft on several occasions",
    "claimant": "Fire officials via KCAL/Firehouse",
    "originId": "kcal-line-fire-officials-202409",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "No measured total duration or event day inferred.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "multiple-incursions",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "KESQ reports multiple drone incursions in its22September update.",
    "quote": "There have been multiple drone incursions over the Line Fire area.",
    "claimant": "KESQ rolling news account",
    "originId": "kesq-line-fire-update-20240922",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Article initial publication5September is not the date this passage was first reported.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": null,
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": null,
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Public safety",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Not established"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/line-fire-drone-interference-report-2024-09-20/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Officials report drones interrupting Line Fire aerial firefighting”, dossier line-fire-drone-interference-report-2024-09-20, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/line-fire-drone-interference-report-2024-09-20/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T03:58:50.285+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}