{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T022859475468-8c8796",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "kerch-bridge-sea-drone-attack-2023-07-17",
  "title": "Kerch bridge damaged; SBU later claims Sea Baby attack",
  "place": "Kerch Strait",
  "country": "Ukraine",
  "countryCode": "UA",
  "date": "2023-07-17",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "claimed",
  "lat": 45.1,
  "lon": 36.5,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "The bridge across the Kerch Strait was damaged on 17 July 2023. Russian authorities reported waterborne drones. In a later CNN interview, Ukraine’s SBU claimed responsibility and named the drone Sea Baby.",
  "impact": "Russian officials reported road damage and halted traffic. Two civilians were reported killed and one injured; these are attributed reports, not an independently verified casualty count.",
  "evidence": "The Moscow Times reports Russian investigative and transport authorities. CNN’s later original reporting, republished by KRDO, records the SBU’s own claim and supplied footage. The sources are different news families but share some Russian official statements; the SBU interview is a separate party origin.",
  "unknown": "No independent technical authentication is supplied here. CNN describes footage of road and rail impacts; July Russian officials described road damage and said supports remained intact. No structural conclusion is adopted. The marker represents the strait, not the bridge or a drone position.",
  "attribution": "The SBU later claimed a joint operation with Ukraine’s navy; Russia also blamed Ukrainian services. Attribution remains claimed.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "The Moscow Times with AFP: July17 Russian official accounts",
    "url": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/07/17/what-do-we-know-about-the-latest-crimea-bridge-attack-a81863",
    "published": "2023-07-17",
    "family": "moscow-times-afp"
   },
   {
    "label": "CNN original SBU interview, republished by KRDO",
    "url": "https://krdo.com/news/2023/08/15/the-moment-ukraine-used-an-experimental-drone-to-attack-a-russian-bridge/",
    "published": "2023-08-15",
    "family": "cnn"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2023-07-17",
    "text": "Bridge damage and traffic interruption reported.",
    "source": 0
   },
   {
    "date": "2023-08-15",
    "text": "CNN interview carries the SBU’s later responsibility and Sea Baby claims.",
    "source": 1
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   1
  ],
  "droneTypes": [
   {
    "asReported": "Sea Baby",
    "type": "sea-baby",
    "count": null,
    "countMetric": null,
    "sourceIndex": 1
   }
  ],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "waterborne-drones",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Russian investigators described waterborne drones.",
    "quote": "Two waterborne drones attacked the Crimean Bridge",
    "claimant": "Russian Investigative Committee via The Moscow Times",
    "originId": "russian-investigators-kerch-20230717",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Party statement; not independent technical verification.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "road-damage",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "Russian transport authorities reported road damage.",
    "quote": "damage to the motorway",
    "claimant": "Russian Transport Ministry via The Moscow Times",
    "originId": "russian-transport-kerch-20230717",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Party statement; not independent technical verification.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "sea-baby-claim",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "The SBU named Sea Baby in its later interview.",
    "quote": "the drone used, called a “Sea Baby,”",
    "claimant": "SBU chief via CNN",
    "originId": "sbu-cnn-kerch-20230815",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Party statement; not independent technical verification.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "key": "crimean-bridge",
   "kind": "infrastructure",
   "label": "Crimean Bridge",
   "sourceIndex": 0
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
   "entityKey": "crimean-bridge",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Claimed by a party (not independently verified)"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/kerch-bridge-sea-drone-attack-2023-07-17/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Kerch bridge damaged; SBU later claims Sea Baby attack”, dossier kerch-bridge-sea-drone-attack-2023-07-17, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/kerch-bridge-sea-drone-attack-2023-07-17/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T00:38:29.002+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ],
  "costIllustrations": {
   "note": "Illustrative multiplication per claim: reported count x published third-party unit-cost estimate. Not an estimate of attack cost, materiel lost or damage. Rows are never summed: they may describe the same drones (launched/intercepted/impacted) or come from different claimants. 'Intercepted' does not necessarily mean destroyed. The linkage and arithmetic are DroneLedger's; unit-cost figures carry wide uncertainty.",
   "rows": [
    {
     "asReported": "Sea Baby",
     "type": "sea-baby",
     "count": null,
     "countMetric": null,
     "sourceIndex": 1,
     "unitCostUsd": {
      "low": 221000,
      "high": 221000,
      "per": "vessel",
      "basis": "reported",
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "https://u24.gov.ua/uk/news/nafo_drone_part3"
     },
     "illustrativeProductUsd": null,
     "notComputedBecause": [
      "price is not per aircraft or per round",
      "no reported count"
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 }
}