{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T02:47:01+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T024702007361-d354e1",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "kabul-us-drone-strike-2021-08-29",
  "title": "US acknowledges civilian deaths and error in 29 August Kabul drone strike",
  "place": "Kabul",
  "country": "Afghanistan",
  "countryCode": "AF",
  "date": "2021-08-29",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "claimed",
  "lat": 34.5,
  "lon": 69.2,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "A US drone strike in Kabul on 29 August 2021 killed civilians. On 17 September, the US military acknowledged that the strike was a mistake.",
  "impact": "The US review reported up to ten civilian deaths, including seven children. This dossier attributes the count to that assessment and does not independently verify each casualty.",
  "evidence": "Army Times/AP adds family accounts and documents. NPR’s Pentagon correspondent reports the admission and his own questions to the commander. Both share the September briefing. The earlier ISIS-K account was reversed; no civilian is labelled an ISIS-K member here.",
  "unknown": "No individual victim names, precise residential location, flight track or drone model is included. Published footage was not independently authenticated by Codex. The marker represents Kabul.",
  "attribution": "The US military acknowledged responsibility for the strike and its error. This records that admission; it does not establish an individual criminal finding.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Army Times/AP: US admission and additional family/document reporting",
    "url": "https://www.armytimes.com/breaking-news/2021/09/17/pentagon-reverses-itself-calls-deadly-kabul-strike-an-error/",
    "published": "2021-09-17",
    "family": "military-times-ap"
   },
   {
    "label": "NPR via KUER: Pentagon reporter on admission of error",
    "url": "https://www.kuer.org/2021-09-17/pentagon-calls-drone-strike-which-killed-afghan-civilians-a-tragic-mistake",
    "published": "2021-09-17",
    "family": "npr"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2021-08-29",
    "text": "US drone strike in Kabul kills civilians.",
    "source": 0
   },
   {
    "date": "2021-09-17",
    "text": "US military acknowledges error and civilian deaths.",
    "source": 1
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "drone-strike-report",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Army Times/AP reports the August drone strike.",
    "quote": "Aug. 29 drone strike",
    "claimant": "Army Times/AP reporting",
    "originId": "us-kabul-review-20210917",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Not independent technical inspection by Codex.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "civilian-deaths-assessment",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "The US commander concurred with the reported civilian toll.",
    "quote": "as many as 10 people, including seven children",
    "claimant": "US Central Command commander via Army Times/AP",
    "originId": "us-kabul-review-20210917",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source-attributed upper-bound wording retained.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "us-responsibility",
    "axis": "attribution",
    "statement": "The Pentagon acknowledged that its strike was a mistake.",
    "quote": "The Pentagon says it made a tragic mistake",
    "claimant": "Pentagon admission via NPR",
    "originId": "us-kabul-review-20210917",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Admission by the acting party; no individual legal finding inferred.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": null,
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": null,
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Claimed by a party (not independently verified)"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/kabul-us-drone-strike-2021-08-29/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “US acknowledges civilian deaths and error in 29 August Kabul drone strike”, dossier kabul-us-drone-strike-2021-08-29, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/kabul-us-drone-strike-2021-08-29/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T01:38:16.601+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}