{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
 "release": "20261017T022859475468-8c8796",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kyiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb, revision 2, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-17-595b0ef7cb/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "engels-airbase-drone-incident-2022-12-05",
  "title": "Drone incident reported at Engels air base on 5 December",
  "place": "Engels",
  "country": "Russia",
  "countryCode": "RU",
  "date": "2022-12-05",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "suspected",
  "lat": 51.5,
  "lon": 46.1,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "Russia reported a drone incident at Engels air base on 5 December 2022, alongside a separate incident near Ryazan.",
  "impact": "Explosions were reported. RFE/RL later described apparent bomber damage in satellite imagery. Its extent is unverified here.",
  "evidence": "AFP relays a combined Russian statement; its casualty and aircraft totals are not allocated to Engels. RFE/RL adds an imagery description. Shared official allegations remain one original account.",
  "unknown": "No precise base position, aircraft-loss total or drone model is adopted. Published images were not independently authenticated by Codex.",
  "attribution": "Russia blamed Ukraine; responsibility is not independently established here.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "AFP via Moscow Times: Russian account of two airfields",
    "url": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/05/moscow-blames-ukraine-for-blasts-on-russian-airfields-a79602",
    "published": "2022-12-05",
    "family": "afp"
   },
   {
    "label": "RFE/RL: December 26 claim and December 5 background",
    "url": "https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-engels-base-drone-servicemen-killed-saratov/32193745.html",
    "published": "2022-12-26",
    "family": "rferl"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2022-12-05",
    "text": "Drone incident and explosions reported at Engels.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "attributionSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "engels-drone-account",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "Source account of the drone report.",
    "quote": "the Engels airfield in the Saratov region, with Soviet-made drones",
    "claimant": "Russian Defense Ministry via AFP",
    "originId": "russian-mod-airfields-20221205",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source-attributed account, not independent technical confirmation.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "apparent-aircraft-damage",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "Source account of reported consequences.",
    "quote": "what appeared to be damage to a Tu-95 bomber",
    "claimant": "RFE/RL satellite-image description",
    "originId": "rferl-engels-imagery-background-20221226",
    "relay": "direct",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Source-attributed account, not independent technical confirmation.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-17",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-17",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "key": "engels-air-base",
   "kind": "infrastructure",
   "label": "Engels air base",
   "sourceIndex": 0
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-10-17T02:28:59+00:00",
   "entityKey": "engels-air-base",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Suspected"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/engels-airbase-drone-incident-2022-12-05/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Drone incident reported at Engels air base on 5 December”, dossier engels-airbase-drone-incident-2022-12-05, revision 1, updated 2026-10-17. https://droneincidents.com/incident/engels-airbase-drone-incident-2022-12-05/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-17",
    "at": "2026-10-17T01:03:40.613+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}