{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-16T02:26:41+00:00",
 "release": "20261016T022641844182-b347e0",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, operationalEffects, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Wine Trader hit off Romania; president says drones struck the ship”, dossier wine-trader-fire-off-romania-2026-10-15, revision 4, updated 2026-10-15. https://droneincidents.com/incident/wine-trader-fire-off-romania-2026-10-15/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "changi-airport-drone-disruption-2019-06-18",
  "title": "Changi runway operations disrupted after reported drones on 18–19 June 2019",
  "place": "Singapore",
  "country": "Singapore",
  "countryCode": "SG",
  "date": "2019-06-18",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "airport",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "confirmed",
  "attributionStatus": "none",
  "lat": 1.35,
  "lon": 103.82,
  "locationPrecision": "region",
  "summary": "Reported unauthorised drones disrupted operations on one runway at Singapore Changi Airport during the night of 18–19 June 2019. The airport continued operating; this was not a complete airport closure.",
  "impact": "CNA reports 37 delayed flights and one diversion for 18–19 June, with one runway suspended for short periods. The ministry later gives 55 delays and eight diversions across two separate June nights; those combined figures are not totals for this event.",
  "evidence": "The transport ministry’s parliamentary reply and CNA’s defence-minister interview are separate original statements. Operational numbers partly share the same government and airport accounts; this is not independent technical identification. Drone presence remains attributed official reporting.",
  "unknown": "The start date represents the local night beginning 18 June, extending into 19 June, not the July reply date. The separate 24 June disruption must not be combined as one incident. Operator identity, device type and precise number are not established. Later references to prosecutions in other drone cases do not establish an arrest or conviction for this incident.",
  "attribution": "No operator or responsible organisation established by the reviewed sources.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "Singapore Ministry of Transport: parliamentary reply",
    "url": "https://www.mot.gov.sg/news-resources/newsroom/oral-reply-by-senior-minister-of-state-for-transport-dr-lam-pin-min-to-parliamentary-questions-on-counter-uas-measures/",
    "published": "2019-07-08",
    "family": "singapore-mot"
   },
   {
    "label": "CNA / TODAY: defence-minister interview and airport disruption",
    "url": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-drone-incursions-getting-top-level-attention-minister-warns-punitive-action-5704076",
    "published": "2019-06-30",
    "family": "mediacorp"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2019-06-18",
    "text": "Reported unauthorised drones disrupted operations on one runway at Singapore Changi Airport during the night of 18–19 June 2019. The airport continued operating; this was not a complete airport closure.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0,
   1
  ],
  "attributionSources": [],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "ministry-intrusions",
    "axis": "drone",
    "statement": "The transport ministry described the June events as confirmed intrusions.",
    "quote": "The recent drone intrusions are the first confirmed intrusions into Changi Airport",
    "claimant": "Singapore Ministry of Transport",
    "originId": "singapore-mot-reply-20190708",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Short literal passage read on the public source page; reported drone presence is not technical identification.",
    "sourceIndex": 0,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-16",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   },
   {
    "id": "runway-pauses",
    "axis": "impact",
    "statement": "CNA describes intermittent suspension of one runway.",
    "quote": "One of the airport’s two runways had been suspended for short periods.",
    "claimant": "CNA / TODAY operational reporting",
    "originId": "changi-operations-20190618",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "note": "Short literal passage read on the public source page; reported drone presence is not technical identification.",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-16",
    "quoteTranslation": {}
   }
  ],
  "review": "editor",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-15",
  "autoCheckedAt": null,
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-16",
  "revision": 1,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": {
   "key": "changi-airport",
   "kind": "airport",
   "label": "Singapore Changi Airport",
   "sourceIndex": 0
  },
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "archivePattern": {
   "asOf": "2026-10-16T02:26:41+00:00",
   "entityKey": "changi-airport",
   "windows": [
    {
     "days": 30,
     "records": []
    },
    {
     "days": 90,
     "records": []
    }
   ],
   "note": "Only published archive records with an editorial entity mapping; unassigned records excluded. Not all real-world incidents or a common cause. No same-day matching."
  },
  "impactReports": [],
  "corroboration": "curated",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": null,
  "labels": {
   "category": "Airport disruption",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Confirmed",
   "attributionStatus": "Not established"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/changi-airport-drone-disruption-2019-06-18/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Changi runway operations disrupted after reported drones on 18–19 June 2019”, dossier changi-airport-drone-disruption-2019-06-18, revision 1, updated 2026-10-16. https://droneincidents.com/incident/changi-airport-drone-disruption-2019-06-18/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 1,
    "date": "2026-10-16",
    "at": "2026-10-16T00:40:15.836+00:00",
    "note": "Curated dossier created after checking the cited sources line by line."
   }
  ]
 }
}