{
 "publisher": "DroneLedger",
 "site": "https://droneincidents.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-29T10:47:02+00:00",
 "release": "20261029T104703360739-1c2dca",
 "license": {
  "name": "CC BY 4.0",
  "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "DroneLedger (droneincidents.com)",
  "excludes": "Quoted source passages and linked articles remain the copyright of their publishers; they are included as short quotations for verification. Linked media and satellite images remain the rights holders' property; no image or video licence is granted by this dataset. Fonts (SIL OFL) and map data (Natural Earth, public domain) keep their own terms. City and region names in automatically published dossiers are checked against GeoNames (geonames.org, CC BY 4.0). Drone drawings and animations are schematic illustrations of a type, not evidence about any incident."
 },
 "assessmentNote": "DroneLedger assessment, not a finding. Editorial likelihood bands, not calibrated statistical confidence intervals. Unknown has no numeric probability. Outcomes are attributed reports; no totals or inference of intent from a hit.",
 "assessmentScale": {
  "version": "di-estimative-v1",
  "levels": {
   "almost_certain": {
    "low": 95,
    "high": 99
   },
   "very_likely": {
    "low": 80,
    "high": 95
   },
   "likely": {
    "low": 55,
    "high": 80
   },
   "roughly_even_chance": {
    "low": 45,
    "high": 55
   },
   "unlikely": {
    "low": 20,
    "high": 45
   },
   "very_unlikely": {
    "low": 5,
    "high": 20
   },
   "almost_no_chance": {
    "low": 1,
    "high": 5
   },
   "unknown": {
    "low": null,
    "high": null
   }
  }
 },
 "evidenceNote": "Each dossier separates three claims: drone presence, impact and attribution, each with its own evidence state and supporting sources. 'reported' means a source describes the claim without sufficient identification evidence; claims by parties to a conflict are never 'confirmed' on their own. Counts reflect dossiers in this curated archive, not all incidents worldwide. windowStart/windowEnd are reporting-window calendar bounds, not individual event days; legacy date remains the compatibility/sorting date for such records.",
 "locationNote": "lat/lon are the dossier's own approximate coordinates (see locationPrecision) and are empty when the incident location is unknown. referencePoint {lat, lon, level, name} is a display reference only: a fixed point in the named city (GeoNames), region (its administrative seat), sea or country (Natural Earth label point), derived at build time. It is not a geolocation, not an estimate of the incident location and may change when the dossier's place becomes more precise: reference point; incident location unknown.",
 "detailsNote": "media, followUp and archiveEntity are editorial, source-indexed additions. operationalEffects may also contain AI-assisted source-checked additions identified by autoEnrichments, with the dossier remaining review=auto. autoEnrichments preserves the literal quote, speaker, source publication cutoff and check provenance; a quote match is not editorial review or independent confirmation. Media is publisher-link only, has its own evidence status and never establishes drone presence or attribution. Debunked original-media links are removed; archived revisions omit media references. archivePattern is computed from mapped published event records at generated time, not a worldwide incident count. Null asOf means not established; publication time is not substituted.",
 "dataset": {
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23345422",
  "note": "Citable weekly snapshot (CSV + JSON) archived on Zenodo; this DOI always resolves to the latest version."
 },
 "howToCite": "Cite the dossier URL and revision, e.g. DroneLedger, “Drone report in Kharkiv, Ukraine”, dossier auto-ua-2026-10-29-d04bb2b30f, revision 4, updated 2026-10-29. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ua-2026-10-29-d04bb2b30f/",
 "incident": {
  "id": "auto-ru-2026-10-28-5545d8f209",
  "title": "Drone report in Moscow region, Russia",
  "place": "Moscow region",
  "country": "Russia",
  "countryCode": "RU",
  "date": "2026-10-28",
  "dateKind": "event",
  "scope": "single",
  "category": "conflict",
  "droneStatus": "reported",
  "impactStatus": "reported",
  "attributionStatus": "none",
  "lat": null,
  "lon": null,
  "locationPrecision": "unknown",
  "summary": "According to TSN, drones were reported in Moscow region, Russia on 28 October 2026.",
  "impact": "According to an official source of an involved party, via TSN, as of 2026-10-29T07:30:49+02:00: flight disruption.",
  "evidence": "Single-source report, automatically published: one source reports drone presence at this place and date. It has not been corroborated by a second independent source and may be incomplete or wrong. It is shown so that early and local reports are visible; treat it as unverified. Claims are shown as made by the named source; claims by a party to a conflict remain claims. For conflict incidents only the city or region named in the reports is shown, never a precise location, and no operational details; the cited articles may contain more precise details than this dossier. This is not a warning service: for incoming threats, follow official alerts. DroneLedger has not independently verified the claims and an editor has not yet reviewed this dossier.",
  "unknown": "Not yet assessed by an editor: impact, exact location, operator and intent.",
  "attribution": "Not assessed in this automatic report; see the cited sources for any claims of responsibility.",
  "sources": [
   {
    "label": "TSN (2026-10-29)",
    "url": "https://tsn.ua/svit/rf-u-vohni-ta-vybukhakh-u-moskvi-panika-cherez-ataku-droniv-a-v-bashkyriyi-zdiymayetsia-dym-foto-video-3202399.html",
    "published": "2026-10-29",
    "family": "tsn",
    "publishedAt": "2026-10-29T07:30:49+02:00"
   },
   {
    "url": "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/1125710",
    "label": "Interfax",
    "publisher": "Interfax",
    "publishedAt": "2026-10-29T09:23+03:00",
    "published": "2026-10-29",
    "family": "interfax"
   },
   {
    "url": "https://www.interfax.ru/moscow/1125683",
    "label": "Interfax",
    "publisher": "Interfax",
    "publishedAt": "2026-10-29T07:15+03:00",
    "published": "2026-10-29",
    "family": "interfax"
   }
  ],
  "timeline": [
   {
    "date": "2026-10-29",
    "text": "TSN published a report on this incident.",
    "source": 0
   }
  ],
  "droneStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "impactStatusSources": [
   0
  ],
  "attributionSources": [],
  "droneTypes": [],
  "claims": [
   {
    "id": "context-7c88850f22870547",
    "axis": "context",
    "statement": "Russia’s Defence Ministry claims 1,214 Ukrainian drones intercepted across Russia during the night of 28–29 October 2026.",
    "note": "Nationwide party claim, not independently verified. Exact clock boundaries unspecified. Includes the Moscow region and 18 other regions; never add to the Moscow figures or other interception totals.",
    "quote": "в течение прошедшей ночи перехвачены и уничтожены 1214 украинских беспилотников",
    "claimant": "Russian Defence Ministry via Interfax",
    "sourceIndex": 1,
    "originId": "ai-source-check",
    "relay": "relayed",
    "assessment": "supports",
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-29"
   }
  ],
  "review": "auto",
  "checkedAt": null,
  "autoCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
  "revision": 2,
  "series": [],
  "windowStart": null,
  "windowEnd": null,
  "windowBasis": null,
  "assessment": null,
  "outcome": [],
  "assessment_scale_version": null,
  "assessment_operator_subject": null,
  "assessment_operator_level": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_low": null,
  "assessment_operator_range_high": null,
  "assessment_target_subject": null,
  "assessment_target_level": null,
  "assessment_target_range_low": null,
  "assessment_target_range_high": null,
  "assessment_droneType_subject": null,
  "assessment_droneType_level": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_low": null,
  "assessment_droneType_range_high": null,
  "media": [],
  "operationalEffects": [
   {
    "id": "moscow-airport-restrictions-20261029",
    "kind": "closure_duration",
    "statement": "Domodedovo, Vnukovo and Zhukovsky suspended operations overnight; restrictions were lifted at 06:45 Moscow time on 29 October 2026.",
    "note": "Added after an AI-assisted check of the cited source; quote verified, not reviewed by an editor.",
    "sourceIndex": 2,
    "quote": "Аэропорты Домодедово, Внуково и Жуковский в ночь на четверг приостанавливали работу, ограничения сняли в 06:45 (по московскому времени).",
    "claimant": "Rosaviatsiya via Interfax",
    "asOf": "2026-10-29T07:15+03:00",
    "quoteCheckedAt": "2026-10-29",
    "originId": "ai-source-check",
    "relay": "relayed"
   }
  ],
  "followUp": [],
  "archiveEntity": null,
  "namedLocation": null,
  "publisherMedia": [],
  "reportTiming": null,
  "archivePattern": null,
  "impactReports": [
   {
    "asOf": "2026-10-29T07:30:49+02:00",
    "n": null,
    "qual": null,
    "src": 0,
    "state": "reported",
    "type": "flight_disruption",
    "via": "TSN",
    "who": {
     "kind": "role",
     "id": "party"
    }
   }
  ],
  "autoEnrichments": [
   {
    "field": "contextClaim",
    "value": {
     "statement": "Russia’s Defence Ministry claims 1,214 Ukrainian drones intercepted across Russia during the night of 28–29 October 2026.",
     "note": "Nationwide party claim, not independently verified. Exact clock boundaries unspecified. Includes the Moscow region and 18 other regions; never add to the Moscow figures or other interception totals."
    },
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/1125710",
    "quote": "в течение прошедшей ночи перехвачены и уничтожены 1214 украинских беспилотников",
    "speaker": "Russian Defence Ministry via Interfax",
    "role": "party",
    "asOf": "2026-10-29T09:23+03:00",
    "method": "ai-assisted-source-check",
    "eventScope": "wider-context",
    "source": {
     "url": "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/1125710",
     "label": "Interfax",
     "publisher": "Interfax",
     "publishedAt": "2026-10-29T09:23+03:00"
    },
    "check": {
     "checkedAt": "2026-10-29T08:27:45+00:00",
     "contentHash": "64d6d63129782a7ef57ee3b782ba281a89c33d74cdd4fab6bd08ab62bcb3e4ab",
     "finalUrl": "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/1125710",
     "matchedIn": "article",
     "robots": "allowed",
     "digest": "7c88850f22870547e70e77898270bdd75f4e9e6d46817dbbabff4f528d2c150f"
    }
   },
   {
    "field": "operationalEffects",
    "value": {
     "id": "moscow-airport-restrictions-20261029",
     "kind": "closure_duration",
     "statement": "Domodedovo, Vnukovo and Zhukovsky suspended operations overnight; restrictions were lifted at 06:45 Moscow time on 29 October 2026.",
     "note": "Rosaviatsiya restrictions relayed by Interfax. Duration and starting times are unspecified; repeated restrictions must not be treated as one continuous closure."
    },
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.interfax.ru/moscow/1125683",
    "quote": "Аэропорты Домодедово, Внуково и Жуковский в ночь на четверг приостанавливали работу, ограничения сняли в 06:45 (по московскому времени).",
    "speaker": "Rosaviatsiya via Interfax",
    "role": "party",
    "asOf": "2026-10-29T07:15+03:00",
    "method": "ai-assisted-source-check",
    "eventScope": "same-incident",
    "source": {
     "url": "https://www.interfax.ru/moscow/1125683",
     "label": "Interfax",
     "publisher": "Interfax",
     "publishedAt": "2026-10-29T07:15+03:00"
    },
    "check": {
     "checkedAt": "2026-10-29T08:27:47+00:00",
     "contentHash": "d945764b131dae0a9c6aaf9fb70d46885ddde81d3ec6237e7d350c824235635b",
     "finalUrl": "https://www.interfax.ru/moscow/1125683",
     "matchedIn": "article",
     "robots": "allowed",
     "digest": "352d67a973443ff6cbca2f0c7710f49fd356179ebe13462bab0f0375f8add633"
    }
   }
  ],
  "corroboration": "single",
  "interceptionReported": {
   "evidenceState": "reported",
   "note": "Official aggregate claims, not independently verified kills. Parts are included only when explicitly sourced and sum to the reported total. Catalogue countermeasures are not incident evidence.",
   "counts": []
  },
  "referencePoint": {
   "lat": 55.68,
   "lon": 37.43,
   "level": "region",
   "name": "Moscow region"
  },
  "labels": {
   "category": "Armed conflict",
   "droneStatus": "Reported",
   "impactStatus": "Reported",
   "attributionStatus": "Not established"
  },
  "url": "https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ru-2026-10-28-5545d8f209/",
  "citation": "DroneLedger, “Drone report in Moscow region, Russia”, dossier auto-ru-2026-10-28-5545d8f209, revision 2, updated 2026-10-29. https://droneincidents.com/incident/auto-ru-2026-10-28-5545d8f209/",
  "history": [
   {
    "revision": 2,
    "date": "2026-10-29",
    "at": "2026-10-29T06:32:02.275+00:00",
    "note": "Published automatically after passing the automatic checks (pilot); not yet reviewed by an editor."
   }
  ]
 }
}